Editing Philosophical Investigations (section)

== II. Language‑Games ==
Formal Interaction Systems, Not Social Turn ==

'''Claim.''' ''Language‑games'' are '''formal interaction systems''': constrained moves with roles, materials, error‑states, and success‑criteria. Their point is not sociability; it is '''functionality''' (device‑and‑purpose).

'''Evidence (primary).''' Wittgenstein catalogs games at §23 — “Giving orders, and obeying them… describing… constructing from a drawing… reporting… speculating” — explicitly to show that an expression’s sense is '''fixed by its employment''' in the activity

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. The “Water!” case (order vs. warning) and “Moses did not exist” (§79) as multi‑game sentence show that absent a game, a sentence '''does not yet say anything'''

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'''Nachlass corroboration.''' De Queiroz assembles manuscript evidence that Wittgenstein '''never abandoned ‘calculus’ talk''': “operating with the word” (PI I, §559), “it plays a different part in the calculus,” and '''explicit notebook renderings''': “''If a sign is not used, it is meaningless… Signs that serve the same purpose are logically identical; signs that serve none are logically meaningless.''” (Ms‑notes, 1915; de Queiroz 2023) [P]. The Nachlass also carries the famous 1914 line: “''Um das Zeichen im Zeichen zu erkennen muß man auf den Gebrauch achten''” — “To recognize the symbol in the sign, one must '''pay attention to use'''.” (Ms 101, 23.10.14; de Queiroz 2023) [P].

'''Interpretation (TotalAutismo).'''

* '''Tool‑mindset.''' The “words are tools” metaphor is not ornamental; it specifies '''design constraints''': each word/device has a use‑profile; misdeployment is a category error.
* '''Purpose first.''' The Nachlass line “its meaning is its purpose” makes “meaning = use” a '''functional identity'''. (MS 107; de Queiroz 2023) [P].
* '''System boundaries.''' A game supplies '''public criteria''' (materials, moves), yielding the outward criteria Wittgenstein insists on (§580)  Philosophical_Investigations  .

'''Primary citations.''' §23 (games list; use)

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<nowiki>;</nowiki> §79 (“Moses did not exist” depends on context)

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'''Trait justification.''' Hyper‑systemizing, literalism, and device‑function thinking explain the '''desocialized precision''': the “social” enters only as '''rule‑contexts'''.
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