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== [[Konrad Adenauer]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371500496_Konrad_Adenauer_was_a_risk-taker_on_the_autism_spectrum_Asperger's_syndrome_First_Draft Konrad Adenauer was a risk-taker on the autism spectrum (Asperger's syndrome) First Draft] Jun 2023 : "Konrad showed the features of ASD, (Asperger's syndrome), with deficits in social communication, reduced non-verbal communication, preservation of sameness, narrow interests." == [[Akhenaten]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399455963_Did_Akhenaten_King_of_Egypt_have_autism_First_Draft Did Akhenaten, King of Egypt have autism? First Draft] Jan 2026 : "He was interested in himself and his own autistic world, with consequences for Egypt." == [[Amos Bronson Alcott]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369734455_Louisa_May_Alcott_writer_and_her_father_who_had_autism Louisa May Alcott, writer and her father who had autism] Apr 2023 : "Louisa May Alcott, writer and her father who had autism." == [[Hans Christian Andersen]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/404947149_Hans_Christian_Andersen_had_autism_spectrum_disorder_Second_Draft Hans Christian Andersen had autism spectrum disorder Second Draft] May 2026 : "Hans Christian Andersen had autism spectrum disorder." == [[Elizabeth Anscombe]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/405634498_Elizabeth_Anscombe_-_A_great_female_philosopher_who_had_autism_spectrum_disorder Elizabeth Anscombe – A great female philosopher who had autism spectrum disorder] Date unknown : "Elizabeth Anscombe had autism spectrum disorder." == [[Diane Arbus]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/391476324_Diane_Arbus_photographer_with_autism_spectrum_disorder_overlapping_with_borderline_personality_First_Draft Diane Arbus, photographer with autism spectrum disorder overlapping with borderline personality First Draft] May 2025 : "Diane Arbus had autism spectrum disorder overlapping with borderline personality." == [[Hans Asperger]] == [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Fitzgerald-6/publication/5926854_Did_Hans_Asperger_1906-1980_have_Asperger_Syndrome/links/546a28700cf2397f78301335/Did-Hans-Asperger-1906-1980-have-Asperger-Syndrome.pdf Did Hans Asperger (1906–1980) have Asperger Syndrome?] Oct 2007 : "Christopher Gillberg (1990) suggested that Hans Asperger must have had a very deep understanding of the personality type he described and one can assume that in the widest sense Asperger himself was on the autism spectrum as cited by Colin (2006). We fully agree." == [[Frank Auerbach]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/386616691_Frank_Auerbach_painter_of_genius_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Frank Auerbach, painter of genius was on the autism spectrum First Draft] Dec 2024 : "Frank Auerbach was one of the greatest 20th/21st century painters, who had autism." == [[Albert Barnes]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400672860_Albert_Barnes_great_art_collector_had_autism_First_Draft Albert Barnes, great art collector, had autism First Draft] Feb 2026 : "Barnes was one of the most unusual, enigmatic collectors of art who had autism." == [[Samuel Beckett]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352038622_The_greatest_works_of_fiction_were_autistic_narratives The greatest works of fiction were autistic narratives: Lewis Carroll, Samuel Beckett, Herman Melville and James Joyce] Jun 2021 : "There is no doubt that Beckett had an autistic imagination… Beckett had identity diffusion, (Walker & Fitzgerald, 2007), which expressed itself in his autistic narrative." == [[Ingmar Bergman]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357093461_Ingmar_Bergman_film_director_had_autism_spectrum_disorder Ingmar Bergman, film director, had autism spectrum disorder] Dec 2021 : "Ingmar Bergman, film director, had autism spectrum disorder." == [[Anthony Blunt]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369189426_Anthony_Blunt_art_critic_and_spy_was_on_the_autism_spectrum Anthony Blunt, art critic and spy was on the autism spectrum] Mar 2023 : "Anthony Blunt - art critic and spy was on the autism spectrum." == [[David Bomberg]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/386618482_David_Bomberg_painter_was_on_the_autism_spectrum David Bomberg, painter, was on the autism spectrum] Dec 2024 : "David Bomberg, painter, was on the autism spectrum." == [[George Boole]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387368413_George_Boole_mathematician_of_genius_with_autism George Boole, mathematician of genius, with autism] Dec 2024 : "George was a person with autism or Asperger's syndrome." == [[Pierre Boulez]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380902174_Autism_and_Pierre_Boulez_-Composer_Conductor_First_Draft Autism and Pierre Boulez -Composer, Conductor First Draft] May 2024 : "Pierre Boulez was one of the most influential composers and conductors in the 20th century. He had autism spectrum disorder." == [[David Bowie]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/398619568_David_Bowie_pop_artist_was_on_the_autism_spectrum David Bowie, pop artist was on the autism spectrum] Dec 2025 : "David Bowie, pop artist was on the autism spectrum." == [[Johannes Brahms]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383275862_Johannes_Brahms_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Johannes Brahms was on the autism spectrum First Draft] Aug 2024 : "Brahms was a great composer with autism." == [[Michael Briggs]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397726748_Did_the_scientist_'who_was_not_there'_have_autism_-criminal_autistic_psychopathy_First_Draft Did the scientist 'who was not there' have autism -criminal autistic psychopathy? First Draft] Nov 2025 : "He showed social and emotional reciprocity defects, problems with non-verbal communication, preservation of sameness, narrow interests and language issues which puts him on the autism spectrum." == [[Emily Brontë]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400831289_Emily_Bronte_-autism_and_autistic_narrative_in_Wuthering_Heights_-_The_greatest_novel_by_a_woman_with_autism_First_Draft Emily Bronte -autism and autistic narrative in Wuthering Heights - The greatest novel by a woman with autism. First Draft] Feb 2026 : "Emily Bronte had classic autism." == [[John Cairncross]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369439978_Was_John_Cairncross_one_of_the_five_Cambridge_spies_on_the_autism_spectrum Was John Cairncross one of the 'five Cambridge spies' on the autism spectrum?] Mar 2023 : "John Cairncross was on the autism spectrum." == [[Thomas Carlyle]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350383840_Thomas_Carlyle_-A_critic_on_the_spectrum Thomas Carlyle - A critic on the spectrum] Mar 2021 : "He was clearly on the autism spectrum." == [[Lewis Carroll]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352038622_The_greatest_works_of_fiction_were_autistic_narratives The greatest works of fiction were autistic narratives: Lewis Carroll, Samuel Beckett, Herman Melville and James Joyce] Jun 2021 : "Brown, (2010), for Carroll describes, 'this collage or mosaic process is an important aspect of Carroll's writing, as it is for many writers on the spectrum.'" == [[Rachel Carson]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388754809_Rachel_Carson_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_Second_Draft Rachel Carson was on the autism spectrum Second Draft] Feb 2025 : "Rachel Carson was on the autism spectrum." == [[Paul Cézanne]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396451038_CezanneFinal_Article_Oct_11_2025 Cezanne.Final Article Oct 11, 2025] Oct 2025 : "This paper determines the brilliant painter Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) to have been autistic." == [[Bruce Chatwin]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353325249_Writing_fast_and_writing_slow_in_authors_with_autism_including_fast_writers_D Writing fast and writing slow in authors with autism including fast writers, D.H. Lawrence, Robert Louis Stevenson, Goethe & Shakespeare in comparison to slow writers, James Joyce and Flaubert] Jul 2021 : "Bruce Chatwin had autism, (Fitzgerald, 2005), but also had evidence of ADHD." == [[Francis Chichester]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390741037_Francis_Chichester_lone_sailor_had_autism_spectrum_disorder_and_showed_autistic_sensation-seeking_First_Draft Francis Chichester, lone sailor, had autism spectrum disorder and showed autistic sensation-seeking First Draft] Apr 2025 : "Francis Chichester, lone sailor, had autism spectrum disorder." == [[John Clare]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355545803_John_Clare_poet_had_multiple_neurodevelopmental_disorders_autism_psychosis_bipolar_and_the_much-debated_schizophrenia John Clare, poet, had multiple neurodevelopmental disorders; autism, psychosis, bipolar and the much-debated schizophrenia] Oct 2021 : "John Clare, poet, had multiple neurodevelopmental disorders; autism, psychosis, bipolar and the much-debated schizophrenia." == [[Captain James Cook]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355164541_Captain_Cook_was_on_the_autism_spectrum Captain Cook was on the autism spectrum] Oct 2021 : "Cook went from autism to autism with paranoid psychosis or paranoid ideas." == [[Salvador Dalí]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397058613_Salvador_Dali_ASD_and_the_Painter_Who_Never_Grew_Up Salvador Dali ASD and the Painter Who Never Grew Up] Oct 2025 : "Herein, we concentrate one of them: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and frame Dali through a posthumous diagnosis of ASD." == [[Simone de Beauvoir]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358247838_Simone_de_Beauvoir_iconic_writer_on_the_spectrum_feminist_a_perverse_and_transgressive_personality Simone de Beauvoir, iconic writer, on the spectrum, feminist, a perverse and transgressive personality] Jan 2022 : "Simone de Beauvoir, iconic writer, on the spectrum, feminist, a perverse and transgressive personality." == [[Charles de Gaulle]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396046110_Charles_de_Gaulle_autism_and_uno_voce_First_Draft Charles de Gaulle, autism and uno voce First Draft] Oct 2025 : "To understand de Gaulle, you have to understand his autism." == [[Eamon de Valera]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395920220_Revised_President_Eamon_de_Valera_had_autism_formerly_called_Asperger's_syndrome Revised President Eamon de Valera had autism, formerly called Asperger's syndrome] Sep 2025 : "President Eamon de Valera had autism, formerly called Asperger's syndrome." == [[Ken Dodd]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366019769_Ken_Dodd_on_the_spectrum_Comedians_on_the_spectrum_Introduction Ken Dodd on the spectrum: Comedians on the spectrum Introduction] Dec 2022 : "Ken Dodd was on the spectrum. Comedians on the spectrum." == [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353325249_Writing_fast_and_writing_slow_in_authors_with_autism_including_fast_writers_D Writing fast and writing slow in authors with autism including fast writers, D.H. Lawrence, Robert Louis Stevenson, Goethe & Shakespeare in comparison to slow writers, James Joyce and Flaubert] Jul 2021 : "Conan Doyle had autism, (Fitzgerald, 2005) as his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes also had autism." == [[Eugène Dubois]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380661669_Autism_and_Eugene_Dubois_-'The_man_who_found_the_missing_link'_First_Draft Autism and Eugene Dubois -'The man who found the missing link' First Draft] May 2024 : "Eugene Dubois was a famous fossil hunter, with autism spectrum disorder." == [[Daphne du Maurier]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369181896_Daphne_du_Maurier_was_an_enigmatic_writer_who_was_bisexual_with_gender_dysphoria_and_was_a_solitary_person_with_evidence_of_the_autism_spectrum Daphne du Maurier was an enigmatic writer who was bisexual, with gender dysphoria and was a solitary person with evidence of the autism spectrum] Mar 2023 : "Daphne du Maurier was a writer of genius. She had strong autistic or schizoid traits." == [[Albert Einstein]] (referenced) == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352038622_The_greatest_works_of_fiction_were_autistic_narratives The greatest works of fiction were autistic narratives: Lewis Carroll, Samuel Beckett, Herman Melville and James Joyce] Jun 2021 : "Einstein had autism and was preoccupied with time, (Fitzgerald, 2000)." == [[Sergei Eisenstein]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374695385_Eisenstein_-film_maker_intellectual_perverse_man_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Eisenstein -film maker, intellectual, perverse man on the autism spectrum First Draft] Oct 2023 : "Eisenstein was one of the most innovative film directors and was on the autism spectrum." == [[M. C. Escher]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378129915_MC_Escher_mathematical_artist_had_autism_spectrum_disorder_like_Cezanne_First_Draft M.C. Escher (mathematical) artist had autism spectrum disorder, like Cezanne First Draft] Feb 2024 : "M.C. Escher was the most extraordinary artist who ever lived with autism." == [[Enrico Fermi]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364651187_Enrico_Fermi_had_mild_autism_Introduction Enrico Fermi had mild autism Introduction] Oct 2022 : "Enrico Fermi had mild autism." == [[Richard Feynman]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369141555_Richard_Feynman_was_on_the_autistic_spectrum_Introduction Richard Feynman was on the autistic spectrum Introduction] Mar 2023 : "Richard Feynman was on the autistic spectrum." == [[Bobby Fischer]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/402922301_Bobby_Fischer_the_greatest_chess_player_in_the_world_had_autism Bobby Fischer, the greatest chess player in the world, had autism] Mar 2026 : "He does therefore meet the criteria for autism spectrum disorder." == [[Gustave Flaubert]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350383782_Flaubert_was_on_the_spectrum Flaubert was on the spectrum] Mar 2021 : "He was on the autism spectrum with deficits in social and emotional reciprocity, deficits in maintaining intimate relationships." == [[Howard Florey]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382068006_Howard_Florey_autism_and_penicillin_First_Draft Howard Florey, autism and penicillin. First Draft] Jul 2024 : "Autism played an important role in Florey's discovery." == [[Henry Ford]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376260844_Did_Henry_Ford_have_Aspergers_syndrome_ASD_narcissistic_personality_with_obsessive_and_paranoid_traits_or_all_of_these_First_Draft Did Henry Ford have Aspergers syndrome (ASD), narcissistic personality with obsessive and paranoid traits or all of these? First Draft] Dec 2023 : "Henry Ford was a very complicated genius, with multiple strands to his personality including autism." == [[John Ford]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382636874_John_Ford_director_of_genius_with_contradictory_behaviour_from_autistic_traits_to_perversion_and_generosity_The_most_complex_director_ever John Ford director of genius with contradictory behaviour from autistic traits to perversion and generosity. The most complex director ever.] Jul 2024 : "He had autism spectrum disorder, formerly called Asperger's syndrome." == [[Francisco Franco]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356360535_General_Franco_-narcissistic_personality_disorder_with_psychopathy_and_evidence_of_the_autism_spectrum General Franco - narcissistic personality disorder with psychopathy and evidence of the autism spectrum] Date unknown : "Franco showed evidence of narcissistic personality disorder, psychopathy and evidence of the autism spectrum." == [[Anna Freud]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345167568_Could_Anna_Freud_have_been_on_the_spectrum Could Anna Freud have been on the spectrum] Date unknown : "Her autism spectrum, shared with her father, is very important." == [[Lucian Freud]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380701473_Lucian_Freud_Genius_painter_and_on_the_autism_spectrum Lucian Freud: Genius painter and on the autism spectrum] May 2024 : "After much consideration in the end Lucian was on the autism spectrum and had a strong family history in relation to this." == [[Sigmund Freud]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336128964_Sigmund_Freud_and_his_Critics_-_From_1896Master Sigmund Freud and his Critics - From 1896Master] Sep 2019 : "Sigmund Freud had high functioning autism which was called Asperger Disorder in DSM IV." == [[W. Ernest Freud]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346445485_W_Ernest_Freud_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_and_the_description_of_a_personal_contact W. Ernest Freud was on the autism spectrum and the description of a personal contact] Date unknown : "There is pervasive evidence that W. Ernest was on the autism spectrum, what was previously called Aspergers syndrome." == [[Caspar David Friedrich]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381733520_Autism_and_Caspar_David_Friedrich_First_Draft Autism and Caspar David Friedrich First Draft] Jun 2024 : "Caspar David Friedrich was on the autism spectrum. Autism is the only possible diagnosis." == [[Mahatma Gandhi]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370161378_Was_Gandhi_on_the_autism_spectrum_Pre-print Was Gandhi on the autism spectrum? Pre-print] Apr 2023 : "His autism, emotional immaturity and ability to see the world through the eyes of a child all helped him." == [[Greta Garbo]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357688411_Female_autism_and_the_movies_Greta_Garbo Female autism and the movies: Greta Garbo] Jan 2022 : "Greta Garbo showed evidence of female autism." == [[Antoni Gaudí]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380661486_Autism_and_Antoni_Gaudi_-God's_architect_First_Draft Autism and Antoni Gaudi -God's architect First Draft] May 2024 : "Gaudi was one of the most famous architects in the world. He was autistic." == [[Guy Gibson]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356641985_The_aviator_Guy_Gibson_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_with_novelty-seeking_and_sensation_seeking_traits The aviator, Guy Gibson was on the autism spectrum with novelty-seeking and sensation seeking traits] Date unknown : "Guy Gibson was on the autism spectrum with novelty-seeking and sensation seeking traits." == [[Robert Goddard]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360912489_Robert_Goddard_-rocket_man_was_on_the_autism_spectrum Robert Goddard -rocket man was on the autism spectrum] May 2022 : "Robert Goddard – rocket man was on the autism spectrum." == [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353325249_Writing_fast_and_writing_slow_in_authors_with_autism_including_fast_writers_D Writing fast and writing slow in authors with autism including fast writers, D.H. Lawrence, Robert Louis Stevenson, Goethe & Shakespeare in comparison to slow writers, James Joyce and Flaubert] Jul 2021 : "Goethe (Fitzgerald, 2014), had autism." == [[William Golding]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349734223_William_Golding_-A_most_complicated_personality_-Asperger's_syndrome_DSM_4 William Golding - A most complicated personality - Asperger's syndrome (DSM 4)] Date unknown : "William Golding – A most complicated personality – Asperger's syndrome (DSM 4)." == [[Oliver Goldsmith]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397998994_Oliver_Goldsmith_poet_dramatist_had_autism Oliver Goldsmith, poet, dramatist had autism] Nov 2025 : "Oliver Goldsmith was a great poet, writer and playwright. He was a most unusual man, with the characteristics of autism." == [[Robert Graves]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355022928_Creativity_and_Psychiatry_Robert_Graves_and_the_poetic_process_of_a_poet_of_genius_who_had_a_multilayered_personality_with_traits_of_the_autistic_spectrum Creativity and Psychiatry: Robert Graves and the poetic process of a poet of genius who had a multilayered personality with traits of the autistic spectrum] Oct 2021 : "Robert Graves was a classic poetic genius with a complicated life and a contradictory personality… He was on the autistic spectrum." == [[Graham Greene]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369489442_Graham_Greene_novelist_was_on_the_autism_spectrum Graham Greene, novelist was on the autism spectrum] Mar 2023 : "Graham Greene, novelist was on the autism spectrum." == [[Calouste Gulbenkian]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383276017_Gulbenkian_Mr_Five_Per_Cent_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Gulbenkian, Mr. Five Per Cent was on the autism spectrum First Draft] Aug 2024 : "He showed autism, formerly called Asperger's syndrome." == [[Thomas Hardy]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350313913_Thomas_Hardy_was_on_the_autism_spectrum Thomas Hardy was on the autism spectrum] Mar 2021 : "Thomas Hardy was on the autism spectrum." == [[Lafcadio Hearn]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392096920_Lafcadio_Hearn_autism_a_Japanese_specialist_and_writer_First_Draft Lafcadio Hearn: autism, a Japanese specialist and writer First Draft] May 2025 : "He was autistic, a very singular man, unique and an independent writer." == [[William Randolph Hearst]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396045967_Congressman_and_newspaper_man_William_Randolph_Hearst_had_autism_narcissistic_personality_and_psychopathy_First_Draft Congressman and newspaper man, William Randolph Hearst had autism, narcissistic personality and psychopathy First Draft] Oct 2025 : "William Randolph Hearst had autism, narcissistic personality and psychopathy." == [[Edward Heath]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369440241_Edward_Heath_was_on_the_autism_spectrum Edward Heath was on the autism spectrum] Mar 2023 : "Heath's autism was the main factor in his downfall." == [[Reinhard Heydrich]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356642243_Reinhard_Heydrich_-_Nazi_psychopathy_and_criminal_autistic_psychopathy Reinhard Heydrich - Nazi psychopathy and criminal autistic psychopathy] Date unknown : "Reinhard Heydrich – Nazi psychopathy and criminal autistic psychopathy." == [[Seán Hillen]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385073798_Looking_at_things_differently_on_the_spectrum_The_artwork_of_Sean_Hillen_Photo_Museum_Ireland_Meeting_House_Square_Temple_Bar_Dublin_2_DO2_X406_Date_to_be_announced Looking at things differently on the spectrum. The artwork of Seán Hillen Photo Museum Ireland Meeting House Square Temple Bar, Dublin 2, DO2 X406 Date to be announced] Oct 2024 : "He said he has Aspergers syndrome, and he's fascinated by autistic themes." == [[Adolf Hitler]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397757924_The_psychology_and_genetics_of_Adolf_Hitler_First_Draft The psychology and genetics of Adolf Hitler First Draft] Nov 2025 : "Adolf Hitler had a very traumatic childhood, as well as having autism, ADHD and bipolar disorder." == [[J. Edgar Hoover]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360550766_J_Edgar_Hoover_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_Introduction J. Edgar Hoover was on the autism spectrum Introduction] May 2022 : "J. Edgar Hoover was on the autism spectrum." == [[Edward Hopper]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395592614_HopperFinalSeptember172025_painter_perversity_and_autism Hopper.Final.September.17..2025. painter, perversity and autism] Sep 2025 : "Many factors, both in his paintings and in his life history, bespeak a justified posthumous diagnosis of autism." == [[Frankie Howerd]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382636799_Frankie_Howerd_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_with_anxiety_and_depression_First_Draft Frankie Howerd was on the autism spectrum, with anxiety and depression First Draft] Jul 2024 : "Frankie Howerd was on the autism spectrum, with anxiety and depression." == [[Aldous Huxley]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361209640_Aldous_Huxley_was_on_the_autism_spectrum Aldous Huxley was on the autism spectrum] Jun 2022 : "He had an autism spectrum disorder like C.S. Lewis." == [[Steve Jobs]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355025436_Steve_Jobs_genius_on_the_spectrum Steve Jobs: genius on the spectrum] Oct 2021 : "The key to understand Jobs is through a large number of genetic factors… which underly his autism, formerly called Aspergers syndrome." == [[James Joyce]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355025430_Finnegans_Wake_-James_Joyce's_autistic_narrative Finnegans Wake -James Joyce's autistic narrative] Oct 2021 : "The correct diagnosis for James was autism." == [[William Joyce (Lord Haw-Haw)]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377845012_Lord_Haw-Haw_William_Joyce_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Lord Haw-Haw, William Joyce was on the autism spectrum First Draft] Jan 2024 : "William Joyce was on the autism spectrum. It is now clear that the so-called personality disorder was Aspergers syndrome." == [[Carl Jung]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346445651_Carl_Jung_had_autism_spectrum_disorder Carl Jung had autism spectrum disorder] Date unknown : "Jung had classic autism spectrum disorder." == [[Franz Kafka]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368773261_Kafka_autism_autistic_courtship_and_autistic_narrative_Introduction Kafka, autism, autistic courtship and autistic narrative Introduction] Feb 2023 : "It is generally accepted that Kafka has Aspergers syndrome, which is now called autism spectrum disorder." == [[Patrick Kavanagh]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369734475_Patrick_Kavanagh_poet_was_on_the_autism_spectrum Patrick Kavanagh, poet, was on the autism spectrum] Apr 2023 : "Patrick Kavanagh, poet, was on the autism spectrum." == [[Henry Kissinger]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381608922_Henry_Kissinger_and_Asperger's_syndrome_criminal_autistic_psychopathy Henry Kissinger and Asperger's syndrome (criminal autistic psychopathy).] Jun 2024 : "His father was more rigid, autistic like, if not Aspergers syndrome husband… his son never lost his accent and probably got his autism from his father." == [[Philip Larkin]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349694171_Was_Philip_Larkin_the_poet_on_the_spectrum Was Philip Larkin, the poet, on the spectrum?] Date unknown : "Philip Larkin and his father had Asperger's syndrome (DSM IV-Tr), like W. B. Yeats." == [[D. H. Lawrence]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353325249_Writing_fast_and_writing_slow_in_authors_with_autism_including_fast_writers_D Writing fast and writing slow in authors with autism including fast writers, D.H. Lawrence, Robert Louis Stevenson, Goethe & Shakespeare in comparison to slow writers, James Joyce and Flaubert] Jul 2021 : "D.H. Lawrence – fast writer on the spectrum." == [[Le Corbusier]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359973658_Did_LeCorbusier_have_high_functioning_autism_final Did LeCorbusier have high functioning autism final] Apr 2022 : "Le Corbusier met the criteria for high functioning autism with limited social skills, restricted patterns in life." == [[Edward Lear]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368837138_Edward_Lear_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_Introduction Edward Lear was on the autism spectrum Introduction] Feb 2023 : "Edward Lear was a genius – he had a strange eccentric personality and was autistic." == [[Vladimir Lenin]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359399617_Lenin_had_criminal_autistic_psychopathy_pathological_narcissism_and_was_a_so-called_'successful'_psychopathy Lenin had criminal autistic psychopathy, pathological narcissism and was a so-called 'successful' psychopathy] Mar 2022 : "Lenin had criminal autistic psychopathy, pathological narcissism and was a so-called 'successful' psychopath." == [[Doris Lessing]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349693966_Doris_Lessing_was_on_the_spectrum Doris Lessing was on the spectrum] Date unknown : "She was a writer of genius on the autistic spectrum." == [[Primo Levi]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355196893_Primo_Levi_had_Asperger's_disorder_now_called_autism Primo Levi had Asperger's disorder now called autism] Date unknown : "Primo Levi had Asperger's disorder now called autism." == [[C. S. Lewis]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361209372_CS_Lewis_-secret_man_on_the_autism_spectrum C.S. Lewis -secret man on the autism spectrum] Jun 2022 : "C.S. Lewis had social relationship difficulties, was clumsy, had preservation of sameness, narrow interests, identity diffusion… He was on the autism spectrum." == [[Carolus Linnaeus]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374163251_Was_Carolus_Linnaeus_on_the_autism_spectrum_with_AS_Wilson_First_Draft Was Carolus Linnaeus on the autism spectrum with (A.S. Wilson)? First Draft] Sep 2023 : "Linnaeus was a great scientist on the autism spectrum." == [[David Livingstone]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355034498_David_Livingstone_explorer_maverick_and_on_the_autism_spectrum David Livingstone, explorer, maverick and on the autism spectrum] Oct 2021 : "Livingstone was a brave, courageous man and a highly successful explorer. He was narcissistic and autistic." == [[Lord Frank Longford]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349718731_Lord_Frank_Longford_was_on_the_spectrum Lord Frank Longford was on the spectrum] Date unknown : "Lord Frank Longford was on the spectrum." == [[Edwin Lutyens]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360525172_Edwin_Lutyens_architect_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_and_showed_evidence_of_an_autistic_narrative_Introduction Edwin Lutyens, architect was on the autism spectrum and showed evidence of an autistic narrative Introduction] May 2022 : "Edwin Lutyens was on the autism spectrum." == [[Mao Zedong]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381284150_The_multiple_psychopathologies_of_Chairman_Mao_First_Draft The multiple psychopathologies of Chairman Mao First Draft] Jun 2024 : "Mao had Aspergers syndrome. Criminal autistic psychopathy: Mao had persistent deficits in social communication in multiple contexts." == [[Agnes Martin]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390740963_Agnes_Martin_painter_autism_and_schizophrenia_First_Draft Agnes Martin, painter, autism and schizophrenia First Draft] Apr 2025 : "She had autism and schizophrenia." == [[Golda Meir]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395919592_Golda_Meir_Iron_Lady_narcissistic_personality_perverse_with_autism_spectrum_traits_First_Draft Golda Meir, Iron Lady, narcissistic personality, perverse with autism spectrum traits First Draft] Sep 2025 : "In terms of autism and DSM 5, Golda had problems in social emotional reciprocity and one-to-one relationships, preservation of sameness and narrow interests." == [[Herman Melville]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352038622_The_greatest_works_of_fiction_were_autistic_narratives The greatest works of fiction were autistic narratives: Lewis Carroll, Samuel Beckett, Herman Melville and James Joyce] Jun 2021 : "Julia Brown, (2010), compares Bartleby to Herman Melville, both of whom had autism very convincingly." == [[Michelangelo]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393434498_The_Mind_of_Michelangelo_Second_Draft The Mind of Michelangelo Second Draft] Jul 2025 : "He had autism and was not an agreeable personality." == [[Iris Murdoch]] == : "This paper suggests that she has autism spectrum disorder, and this is one of the keys to understanding this enigmatic novelist." == [[Vladimir Nabokov]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/398085318_Vladimir_Nabokov_had_autism_and_synaesthesia_First_Draft Vladimir Nabokov had autism and synaesthesia First Draft] Nov 2025 : "Vladimir Nabokov had autism and synaesthesia." == [[Fridtjof Nansen]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355048349_Nansen_neuroscience_narcissistic_personality_disorder_and_explorer_with_cyclothymiaborderline_bipolar_disorder Nansen, neuroscience, narcissistic personality disorder and explorer with cyclothymia/borderline bipolar disorder] Date unknown : "Nansen had a narcissistic personality disorder which overlaps with Asperger's syndrome, now called autism." == [[Napoleon]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353325370_Napoleon_Hitler_Dictators_Psychopathy_and_autistic_psychopathy Napoleon, Hitler: Dictators — Psychopathy and autistic psychopathy] Jul 2021 : "He fits more with Asperger's, (1944), autistic psychopathy." == [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380364508_Nietzsche_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Nietzsche was on the autism spectrum. First Draft] May 2024 : "Nietzsche was on the autism spectrum." == [[Richard Nixon]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360550667_Richard_Nixon_politician_with_autism_spectrum_disorder Richard Nixon, politician with autism spectrum disorder] May 2022 : "Richard Nixon, politician with autism spectrum disorder." == [[Emmy Noether]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388593908_Emmy_Noether's_autism_Draft_2 Emmy Noether's autism Draft 2] Feb 2025 : "Her autism helped her in her chosen field." == [[Marianne North]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/401750258_Marianne_North_botanical_painter_with_autism_First_Draft Marianne North, botanical painter with autism First Draft] Mar 2026 : "She had autism, which was critical to her success." == [[Georgia O'Keeffe]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380362733_Georgia_O'Keeffe_-visual_artist_who_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Georgia O'Keeffe -visual artist who was on the autism spectrum First Draft] May 2024 : "She was on the autism spectrum. Georgia O'Keeffe was one of the greatest modernist American painters. She had autism." == [[Eugene O'Neill]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349948020_Eugene_O'Neill_-psychopathology_in_a_turbulent_tragic_genius Eugene O'Neill - psychopathology in a turbulent tragic genius] Date unknown : "He was on the autism spectrum. Eugene O'Neill was the greatest American playwright." == [[Derek Parfit]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372478438_Derek_Parfit_philosopher_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Derek Parfit, philosopher, was on the autism spectrum First Draft] Jul 2023 : "Parfit was a classical autistic philosopher, like Kant and Ludwig Wittgenstein." == [[George Patton]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356641961_General_George_Patton_-_Eccentric_or_high_functioning_autism General George Patton - Eccentric or high functioning autism?] Nov 2021 : "Patton showed evidence of high functioning autism." == [[Ivan Pavlov]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360525377_Ivan_Pavlov_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_as_well_as_obsessive-compulsive_personality_disorder_with_reduced_infantile_amnesia Ivan Pavlov was on the autism spectrum, as well as obsessive-compulsive personality disorder with reduced infantile amnesia] May 2022 : "Ivan Pavlov was on the autism spectrum, as well as obsessive-compulsive personality disorder." == [[Edgar Allan Poe]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357868645_Edgar_Allan_Poe_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_overlapping_with_antisocial_personality_disorder_psychopathic_traits_addiction_and_depressive_disorder_Introduction Edgar Allan Poe was on the autism spectrum overlapping with antisocial personality disorder, psychopathic traits, addiction and depressive disorder Introduction] Date unknown : "Poe was one of the greatest American writers who was severely psychologically disturbed with psychopathology in very many different areas." == [[Beatrix Potter]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349733806_Beatrix_Potter_was_on_the_spectrum Beatrix Potter was on the spectrum] Date unknown : "Potter had this ability and was on the Autism Spectrum or Asperger Syndrome DSM 4-TR." == [[Terry Pratchett]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369489531_Terry_Pratchett_was_on_the_spectrum Terry Pratchett was on the spectrum] Mar 2023 : "Terry Pratchett was on the spectrum." == [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395882858_Did_Ramanujan_have_Aspergers_disorder_or_1 Did Ramanujan have Aspergers disorder or (1)] Sep 2025 : "It is clear that Ramanujan does meet the criteria for the condition described by Hans Asperger in 1944." == [[Grigori Rasputin]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359469718_Rasputin_holy_fool_and_autism Rasputin, holy fool and autism] Mar 2022 : "Rasputin, holy fool and autism." == [[Arthur Rimbaud]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349410045_Arthur_Rimbaud_-Genius_psychopathology_and_the_spectrum Arthur Rimbaud - Genius, psychopathology and the spectrum] Date unknown : "The best summary would be criminal autistic psychopathy." == [[Maximilien Robespierre]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364631444_Robespierre_had_a_paranoid_state_with_autism_spectrum_disorder Robespierre had a paranoid state with autism spectrum disorder] Oct 2022 : "Robespierre had a paranoid state with autism spectrum disorder." == [[Count Henry Russell]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369489526_Did_Count_Henry_Russell_-The_Man_who_Married_a_Mountain_have_autism Did Count Henry Russell -'The Man who Married a Mountain' have autism?] Mar 2023 : "Count Henry Russell was on the autism spectrum." == [[Oliver Sacks]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361209447_Oliver_Sacks_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_Introduction Oliver Sacks was on the autism spectrum Introduction] Jun 2022 : "Oliver Sacks was a medical writer of the highest calibre who had autism spectrum disorder. His autism was critical for his writing success." == [[António de Oliveira Salazar]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/398320155_Salazar_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Salazar was on the autism spectrum First Draft] Dec 2025 : "Salazar was on the autism spectrum." == [[Albert Schweitzer]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232948736_Albert_Schweitzer_Genius_writer_and_humanitarian Albert Schweitzer - Genius, writer and humanitarian] Date unknown : "Albert was on the broader autism spectrum." == [[Peter Scott]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384596565_Peter_Scott_naturalist_son_of_Scott_of_Antarctica_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Peter Scott, naturalist, son of Scott of Antarctica was on the autism spectrum First Draft] Oct 2024 : "Peter Scott was on the autism spectrum. His autism was critical to his success." == [[W. G. Sebald]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358070611_WG_Max_Sebald_and_James_Joyce_were_writers_on_the_autism_spectrum_who_used_a_collage_technique_of_writing W.G. (Max) Sebald and James Joyce were writers on the autism spectrum who used a collage technique of writing] Jan 2022 : "Sebald and Joyce were both on the autism spectrum. They both had autism." == [[William Shakespeare]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374910377_William_Shakespeare_was_on_the_Autism_Spectrum_Asperger's_Syndrome_First_Draft William Shakespeare was on the Autism Spectrum, (Asperger's Syndrome) First Draft] Oct 2023 : "William Shakespeare was on the Autism Spectrum, (Asperger's Syndrome)." == [[George Bernard Shaw]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380856721_'Henry_Higgins'_Pygmalion_and_George_Bernard_Shawdocx 'Henry Higgins' (Pygmalion) and George Bernard Shaw.docx] May 2024 : "Henry Higgins, the fictional character and George Bernard Shaw were on the autism spectrum." == [[William Shockley]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375889027_William_Shockley_-Founder_of_'The_electronic_age'_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft William Shockley -Founder of 'The electronic age' was on the autism spectrum First Draft] Nov 2023 : "William Shockley, the Nobel Prize Winner and 'Founding Father of Silicon Valley' was on the autistic spectrum." == [[Edith Sitwell]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353979978_Edith_Sitwell_had_Marfan's_syndrome_and_was_on_the_high-functioning_autistic_spectrum_with_autistic_narrative Edith Sitwell had Marfan's syndrome and was on the high-functioning autistic spectrum with autistic narrative] Date unknown : "Edith was a typical creative and talented person on the autistic spectrum. She met the classic criteria for high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome." == [[Stephen Sondheim]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358187843_Stephen_Sondheim_composer_was_on_the_autism_spectrum Stephen Sondheim, composer, was on the autism spectrum] Date unknown : "Stephen Sondheim, composer, was on the autism spectrum." == [[Muriel Spark]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400213072_Did_Muriel_Spark_have_autism Did Muriel Spark have autism?] Jan 2026 : "She died in 2006, a great novelist of the 20th century with autism." == [[Albert Speer]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360525314_Albert_Speer_-Nazi_autism_and_lying Albert Speer -Nazi, autism and lying] May 2022 : "Speer was a brilliant man… He had autism and merged with another person with autism, Hitler." == [[John Steinbeck]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378592243_John_Steinbeck_writer_of_genius_had_an_autism_spectrum_disorder_Asperger's_syndrome_First_Draft John Steinbeck, writer of genius, had an autism spectrum disorder (Asperger's syndrome) First Draft] Feb 2024 : "You can understand nothing about Steinbeck if you do not understand that he had autism/Asperger's syndrome." == [[Robert Louis Stevenson]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353325249_Writing_fast_and_writing_slow_in_authors_with_autism_including_fast_writers_D Writing fast and writing slow in authors with autism including fast writers, D.H. Lawrence, Robert Louis Stevenson, Goethe & Shakespeare in comparison to slow writers, James Joyce and Flaubert] Jul 2021 : "Robert Louis Stevenson (RLS) – wrote fast and had autism." == [[James Stewart]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371103495_James_Stewart_actor_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_Asperger's_syndrome_Pre-print James Stewart, actor, was on the autism spectrum (Asperger's syndrome) Pre-print] May 2023 : "James Stewart, actor, was on the autism spectrum (Asperger's syndrome)." == [[Adrian Stokes]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383467217_Adrian_Stokes_autism_art_art_criticism_and_psychoanalysis_First_Draft Adrian Stokes, autism, art, art criticism and psychoanalysis First Draft] Aug 2024 : "Adrian Stokes was a major art critic and a person with autism." == [[Robert Stroud (Bird Man of Alcatraz)]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370161584_Did_the_Bird_Man_of_Alcatraz_Robert_Stroud_have_criminal_autistic_psychopathy_Pre-print Did the Bird Man of Alcatraz, Robert Stroud have criminal autistic psychopathy? Pre-print] Apr 2023 : "Did the Bird Man of Alcatraz, Robert Stroud have criminal autistic psychopathy?" == [[Edward Teller]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369141380_Edward_Teller_the_atomic_physicist_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_Introduction Edward Teller, the atomic physicist was on the autism spectrum Introduction] Mar 2023 : "Edward Teller, the atomic physicist was on the autism spectrum." == [[Margaret Thatcher]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390740640_Margaret_Thatcher_autistic_authoritarian_narcissistic_and_perverse_First_Draft Margaret Thatcher, autistic, authoritarian, narcissistic and perverse First Draft] Apr 2025 : "She was autistic, narcissistic and perverse." == [[Tom Thomson]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390741319_Tom_Thomson_Canadian_painter_of_genius_was_on_the_autism_spectrum_First_Draft Tom Thomson, Canadian painter of genius was on the autism spectrum First Draft] Apr 2025 : "Tom Thomson, Canadian painter of genius was on the autism spectrum." == [[Leo Tolstoy]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377844806_Pathological_marital_relationships_and_creativity_Tolstoy Pathological marital relationships and creativity: Tolstoy] Jan 2024 : "There was also evidence of the autism spectrum with severe social relationship problems… gross empathy deficits, Theory of Mind deficits especially in his marriage, narrow interests and a piercing gaze." == [[Anthony Trollope]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350589392_Anthony_Trollope_-An_artistic_personality_on_the_spectrum Anthony Trollope - An artistic personality on the spectrum] Date unknown : "He had Aspergers syndrome." == [[J. M. W. Turner]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400672952_Turner_the_greatest_English_painter_had_autism_and_obsessive-compulsive_personality_disorder_First_Draft Turner, the greatest English painter had autism and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder First Draft] Feb 2026 : "He was an autistic painter. His innate visual hypersensitivity, which was part of his autism, was critical to his success." == [[John von Neumann]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369141516_John_von_Neumann_was_on_the_autism_spectrum John von Neumann was on the autism spectrum.] Mar 2023 : "John von Neumann was on the autism spectrum." == [[John B. Watson]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359744682_John_Broadus_Watson John Broadus Watson] Apr 2022 : "It is proposed that the psychologist JB Watson had Asperger's syndrome or high functioning autism like John Nash, Ramanujan, President Eamon de Valera, Isaac Newton and Ludwig Wittgenstein." == [[Walt Whitman]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358189697_Walt_Whitman_had_autism_spectrum_disorder Walt Whitman had autism spectrum disorder] Date unknown : "Walt Whitman had autism spectrum disorder." == [[Edward O. Wilson]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374163360_Was_Edward_O_Wilson_naturalist_on_the_spectrum_First_Draft Was Edward O. Wilson, naturalist on the spectrum? First Draft] Sep 2023 : "Edward Wilson was a massively influential scientist who was on the autism spectrum." == [[Woodrow Wilson]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361546662_Woodrow_Wilson_Neurodevelopmental_disorders_including_specific_learning_disability_and_autism_with_dismissal_of_oedipal_issues Woodrow Wilson Neurodevelopmental disorders including specific learning disability and autism with dismissal of oedipal issues.] Jun 2022 : "Woodrow Wilson – Neurodevelopmental disorders including specific learning disability and autism." == [[Matthew Wong]] == * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395882646_Matthew_Wong_painter_autism_psychosis_and_suicide Matthew Wong, painter, autism, psychosis and suicide] Sep 2025 : "He had two neurodevelopmental disorders, autism and Gilles de la Tourette's with severe depression." == [[W. B. Yeats]] == : "Philip Larkin and his father had Asperger's syndrome, like W. B. Yeats (Fitzgerald, 2004)."
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